These characteristics make them suitable for a variety of vibration control applications. For electromagnetic, piezoelectric and magnetostrictive actuators the input quantities can be the current, the charge or the voltage. Meanwhile, giant magnetostrictive material used in land highfrequency or ultrahigh frequency transducer. At the head, a pickup device senses the arrival of. The bias field is often supplied by a permanent magnet as shown in figure 1. Nonlinear optimal control techniques for vibration. Determine the load and speed consider the operating environment, compare the specifications of various types of hiwin linear actuators and select the most appropriate model. In the onedimensional case considered here, the helmholtz energy yields a doublewell potential below the curie point t c which gives rise to stable spontaneous. Pdf magnetostriction occurs in the most ferromagnetic materials and leads to many effect.
In this way, the integral feedback controlled selfsensing magnetostrictive actuator can be treated as an optimized component. Their magnetostrain properties under varied operation are tested. Nanoscale magnetostrictive particles as biosensor platforms for insitu detection. Mathematical modeling and numerical computation for the. Condensed catalogcondensed catalog actuators controls. Pdf magnetostrictive actuators compared to piezoelectric actuators. Magnetostrictive materials are a special class of magnetic compounds that undergo a shape change when. Magnetostrictive actuators are one of the most exciting. A linear msa is conceptually designed as shown in fig.
Pmn and terfenoldbased actuators while the highest electromechanical. The two approaches are illustrated in the context of an euler bernoulli beam model which incorporates magnetostrictive actuators. Overview of magnetostrictive sensor technology article pdf available in journal of intelligent material systems and structures 1810. The overall system damping is represented by lumped damping. Closedloop realtime control of a novel linear magnetostrictive actuator. The basic mechanisms by which macroscopic deformations involving, say, length changes of a magnetostrictive rod, can be induced by applied magnetic. It does this by integrating an actuator with high position resolution and fast response together with a conventional linear drive.
A theory of magnetostriction oriented towards applications. Constitutive relationship of magnetostrictive materials consists of a sensing and an actua. Comparison of piezoelectric, magnetostrictive, and electrostrictive. The magnetostrictive actuators are solid state magnetic actuators. Magnetostriction is the distortion of a metal by an electric field, as used in the famous collins mechanical filters. Only slightly less refined than the piezoelectric actuator is the magnetostrictive actuator. The linear msa consists of a terfenold rod inside an electric coil for generating magnetic field and enclosed by an annular permanent magnet for magnetic bias. Actuator principles and classification springerlink. They are designed into many hydraulic cylinder applications including nonautomotive vehicular industries like construction, drilling, mining equipment, and long stroke. Vibration suppression of the new smart journal bearing is theoretically evaluated using a simple jeffcott rotor. Mechanics based models for struts fitted with piezoelectric and magnetostrictive actuators are developed, and for harmonic disturbances, a linear dynamic formulation describing the motion of the actuators is integrated with the formulation describing wave transmission through the strut. Stroke and retracted length sizing consider the dimensions of the operating area and select the. Development of resonators with reversible magnetostrictive effect. This document is highly rated by students and has been viewed 243 times.
Magnetostrictive actuators smart materials and structures. Vibration suppression evaluation of smart journal bearing. Wereley1, 1smart structures laboratory, department of aerospace engineering university of maryland, college park, md 20742, usa. Magnetostrictive sensors are highly accurate and are a technology that field mechanics understand how to service. Pdf giant magnetostrictive actuators are designed and fabricated with homemade tbdyfe magnetostrictive rods. Comparison of piezoelectric, magnetostrictive, and electrostrictive hybrid hydraulic actuators shaju john,1 jayant sirohi,1 gang wang2 and norman m. Structural damage identification using magnetostrictive actuators. Giant magnetostrictive actuators gmas are designed and fabricated with homemade tbdyfe rods.
Magnetostrictive linear position sensor for mobile. Dynamic model of a typical magnetostrictive actuator. The magnetostrictive actuator has demonstrated 410n load capacity with a travel range of 45 mm, and the maximum speed is 9 mmmin. In a similar vein, the effects of hysteresis were also neglected and a linear law employed in 38 when designing. Chapter 2 constitutive relationship of magnetostrictive materials. Adaptive control of magnetostrictive actuators based on. Comparison of piezoelectric, magnetostrictive, and. Magnetostrictive sensor performance in long stroke hydraulic applications. Vibrations in plates made of piezoelectric and magnetostrictive materials were also investigated recently. In this work an approach to structural damage analysis based on the utilization of actuators made by magnetostrictive materials is presented. For low drive level control applications, linear models and control methods have proven suitable for both bulk magnetostrictive actuators 5, 7, 31, 32 and magnetostrictive particle actuators 29. Thermomagnetic optimization of solenoidal magnetostrictive. Magnetostrictive actuators are used in micromanufacturing.
Wonjong kim this thesis presents the design of various closedloop realtime control of a novel linear magnetostrictive actuator. Wereley1, 1smart structures laboratory, department of aerospace engineering university of maryland, college park, md 20742, usa 2technosciences inc. A new kind of smart hydrodynamic journal bearings with giant magnetostrictive actuators gma is introduced. Optimal tracking using magnetostrictive actuators operating in nonlinear and hysteretic regimes william s. The output graphic file of an analysis of a silicon plate subjected to uniform distributed pressure loading. Although the preisach model has been a very powerful tool to model the static hysteresis. A dynamic actuation model for magnetostrictive materials. Magnetostrictive actuators with large displacement and fast response heng zhang, tianli zhang1 and chengbao jiang school of materials science and engineering, beihang university, beijing 100191, peoples republic of china email. D applications as an actuator and as a sensor, including many scholarly. Magnetostrictive actuators mas can deliver highoutput forces and can be driven at high frequencies. Linear constitutive equations the behaviour of magnetostrictive materials is complex but, under appropriate. Actuators controls valves actuators valves actuators controls valves actuators cs10021. Linear constitutive equations the behaviour of magnetostrictive materials is complex but, under appropriate conditions, it can be approached as linear 1014. The static and dynamic displacement outputs of the designed gma are up to tens of microns, about the same order of magnitude as the conventional journal bearing clearance.
These studies have shown the important role of the magnetostrictive layer on the natural frequency. Giant magnetostrictive actuator and its application in. The most useful one to refer to is the joule effect. Development of a novel linear magnetostrictive actuator. Physical properties of the terfenold are summarized in table 1. Bias magnetic field of stack giant magnetostrictive actuator. Constitutive relationship of magnetostrictive materials the rotation of magnetic moments and the elastic vibrations in the transducer. Bias magnetic field of stack giant magnetostrictive. Pdf magnetostrictive actuators compared to piezoelectric. Line of sight stabilization of an optical instrument using. Structural damage identification using magnetostrictive. Magnetic actuators operated by direct current 85 7. By creating laminated or particulate magnetostrictive composites, recent magnetostrictive actuators have shown an operating frequency above 20 khz 21.
T is the helmholtz energy detailed in 22, 0 is the permeability of free space, t is temperature, h is the magnetic. The sensorless control of the linear magnetostrictive actuator was successfully conducted using two different approaches. Nov 17, 2006 a dual stage feed drive system is well suited to satisfying current demands of high performance machining with tight position control under high feed rates in the presence of disturbances. V a l v e, a c t u a t o r, a n d c o n t r o l s o l u t i o n s f o r c r i t i c a l a p p l i a t i o n s. In this chapter, these will be incorporated in the conventional 3d finite element fe formulation. Introduction of magnetostrictive ms technology magnetostriction ms is the change in shape of materials under the influence of an external magnetic field. The recent material advances in the area of magnetostriction, mainly terfenold, have created new design options for mechanical and electrical engineers alike. Most smart actuators exhibit ratedependant hysteresis when the working frequency is higher than 5hz. Mathematical modelling and simulation of magnetostrictive. Integral feedback control of a selfsensing magnetostrictive actuator. Chapter 3 fem with magnetostrictive actuators and sensors.
The maximum power consumption by the motor is 95 w. Materials that change their shapes when exposed to magnetic fields can now be used to drive highreliability linear motors and. The absolute, linear position sensors provided by mts sensors rely on the companys proprietary temposonics magnetostrictive technology, which can determine position with a high level of precision and robustness. By using a proven draw wire sensor design that has been completely reengineered for reliability and performance from the ground up, cpi removes the difficulties of using a rodtype sensor in long stroke applications where longevity is of paramount concern. Many novel applications using giant magnetostrictive actuators gma require their actuators output bidirectional strokes to be large enough to drive the load. The use of this technology, however, requires an accurate knowledge of the dynamics of such actuators. The basic mechanisms by which macroscopic deformations involving, say, length changes of a magnetostrictive rod, can be. Application manual for the design of etrema terfenold magnetostrictive. Thermomagnetic optimization of solenoidal magnetostrictive actuators david c. Motors and mechanisms in the ham shack your shack contains many electromechanical devices that whir, rattle, clatter, and occasionally bang.
Figure 9 magnetostrictive actuator performance for active vibration control of the. A magnetostrictive actuator ma with a bandwidth in the khz range capable. Magnetostrictive sensor challenges for mobile hydraulics. New developed magnetostrictive actuators used to vibrate very stiff structures and able to acquire frequency response functions frfs in many points using piezoelectric sensors are the constitutive components of this approach. Compared with traditional electric motors and hydraulic actuators, magnetostrictive materials are able to provide a high energy density of 1. The giant magnetostrictive material gmm discovered by clark et al 1, has large elongation and fast response, such as terfenold, with large strain up to 2000 ppm under prestress. A dual stage feed drive system is well suited to satisfying current demands of high performance machining with tight position control under high feed rates in the presence of disturbances. A model of magnetostrictive actuators for active vibration. Control of a dual stage magnetostrictive actuator and linear. Lineofsight stabilization of an optical instrument using magnetostnctlve actuators is described in this study. Review of magnetostrictive materials for structural vibration. A linear model of magnetostrictive actuators for active. The strain wave travels in the waveguide, toward the head end, at about 2850 ms.
The second model is physicsbased with parameters related to measurable properties of the input magnetic field. Review of magnetostrictive materials for structural. Tbdyfe is a rare earthiron magnetostrictive alloy with giant magnetostrain, good magnetomechanical coupling factor and fast response. In 2017 ieee international conference on mechatronics and automation, icma 2017 pp. A nonlinear physicsbased optimal control method for. Maier and seesmann 7 have characterized the dynamic behavior of an msa and developed two analytical models based on linear constitutive equations.
The paper introduces a linear model of magnetostrictive actuators hold in a range of frequencies below 2 khz useful in real time application as avc. Chapter 2 constitutive relationship of magnetostrictive. Magnetostrictive actuatorsmaterials that change their shapes when. In these cases, the sophisticated method to form such a sufficient bias field with minimum power and bulk consumption should be considered in the principal stage of gma design. This paper concerns the methodology of bias field design. During the european commission funded project madavic magnetostrictive actuators for damage analysis and vibration control, six actuator prototypes have been developed. Without undergoing permanent depolarization that exists in piezoelectric materials, magnetostrictive materials can also with. The first model is posed in terms of preisach operators and is purely phenomenological in nature. Magnetostrictive actuators are one of the most exciting new actuator technologies available today.
Adaptive control of magnetostrictive actuators based on modified preisach model. This equivalent spring is in parallel with the load stiffness k, which is also figure 3. Pdf giant magnetostrictive actuators for active vibration control. Numerical dy namic strong coupled model of linear magnetostrictive actuators. Magnetostrictive actuators are one of the most exciting new. The vibration of a beam with a magnetostrictive layer was analyzed by the. Control of a dual stage magnetostrictive actuator and. Magnetostrictive actuators with large displacement and. Optimal tracking using magnetostrictive actuators operating. Extendedrange linear magnetostrictive motor with doublesided threephase stators wang and buschvishniac devised a twodimensional micropositioner by conjugating two linear magnetostrictive actuators 5. Nonlinear optimal control techniques for vibration attenuation using magnetostrictive actuators william s. Structural vibration control using linear magnetostrictive.